Cambridge Weather and Daily Wiki Bot by Loren Chen

Twitter Bot Purpose

The goal of my Twitter Bot is to be able to reguarly notify users the current temperature and humidity in Cambridge as well as a daily featured Wikipedia article. The sites I used are as follows: Cambridge Weather Wikipedia Main Page The data will be vary if a change is detected. For the Wikipedia article, it will change every day, while the temperature and humidity will likely change multiple times during the day.

Project Notes

There were several steps I partook to ensure that my twitter bot worked as intended. First, I conducted a search to make sure that the two target sites' terms of service and robots.txt explicitly allowed or did not disallow scraping. The Wikipedia page is public domain, and Weather.com did not disallow the scraping of this specific weather data. Second, I crafted the code needed to scrape the information from the sites using regular expressions. To format these expressions, I obtained the page sources of the sites and used a regular expression formatter to come up with the necessary regular expressions. Both regular expressions are different since they are scraping different information. Third, I imported api keys for the twitter bot to be able to read the code and display the information obtained. (The API keys will be sent via other means) In addition, I created a spreadsheet which tracks the changes that the bot has received. Finally, I tested the bot several times to ensure that it worked, tweaking several parts including deleting previous tweets and clearing the spreadsheet. (Several of the tweets remain on the twitter account remain remain as proof of concept.) I believe that the bot properly displays the information I set out to scrape.

Challenges and Future Goals

There were two challenges that I encountered while testing my twitter bot. The first was framing my regular expressions. The regular expressions are meant to pinpoint several pieces of the page source, and at first it wasn't picking up the proper code or scraping too much. After much trial-and-error, I tweaked and refined the regular expressions to a point where it can consistently scrape the proper data. The other was determining what information I was to scrape. Each of the sites had a lot of useful information I could scrape. For weather, in addition to temperature and humidity, I could scrape wind speed and visibility. For Wikipedia, in addition to the featured article, I could scrape interesting facts or number of edits. The data I decided to scrape was determined based on what I felt would be most useful to the public. If I were to improve upon this at a later date, I would add more pieces of data for the Wikipedia articles, such as more variation in articles, and I would perhaps look for data in the sites that may update more frequently.

In [83]:
import urllib.request
import re 
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
In [84]:
url_1 = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"
url_2 = "http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=42.36715360000011&lon=-71.10340049999996#.Wd6C8VuPJEY"
In [85]:
import gspread
from oauth2client.service_account import ServiceAccountCredentials
scope = ['https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds']
document_key = "1MgQXqAakTpZQSUYj4hdjVppncTXg3AD-LDi8ZeBjRMw"
credentials = ServiceAccountCredentials.from_json_keyfile_name('../../../../../SheetsBot-51db789eba6b.json', scope)

gc = gspread.authorize(credentials)
wks = gc.open_by_key(document_key)

worksheet = wks.worksheet("Sheet1")
worksheet.resize(worksheet.row_count)
In [86]:
import csv
csvfile = "output.csv"
list_of_lists = worksheet.get_all_values()
with open(csvfile, "w") as output:
    writer = csv.writer(output, lineterminator='\n')
    writer.writerows(list_of_lists)

import pandas as pd
output = pd.read_csv(csvfile)
output[:3]
Out[86]:
timestamp wiki wiki name temperature humidity
0 0 0 0 0 0
In [87]:
import twitter
from twitter import TwitterError

with open('../../../../../key.txt', 'r') as myfile:
    key=myfile.read()
    
with open('../../../../../secret.txt', 'r') as myfile:
    secret=myfile.read()
    
with open('../../../../../token_key.txt', 'r') as myfile:
    token_key=myfile.read()

with open('../../../../../token_secret.txt', 'r') as myfile:
    token_secret=myfile.read()

api = twitter.Api(consumer_key=key,
                  consumer_secret=secret,
                  access_token_key=token_key,
                  access_token_secret=token_secret)
In [88]:
p_1 = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor).open(url_1).read()
print(p_1)
b'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr">\n<head>\n<meta charset="UTF-8"/>\n<title>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>\n<script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\\s)client-nojs(\\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script>\n<script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Main_Page","wgTitle":"Main Page","wgCurRevisionId":798174323,"wgRevisionId":798174323,"wgArticleId":15580374,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Main_Page","wgRelevantArticleId":15580374,"wgRequestId":"We-ULQpAADgAAFQL-P4AAABL","wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["sysop"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgIsMainPage":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":false,"wgPopupsShouldSendModuleToUser":true,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en","usePageImages":true,"usePageDescriptions":true},"wgPreferredVariant":"en","wgMFExpandAllSectionsUserOption":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false},"wgRelatedArticles":null,"wgRelatedArticlesUseCirrusSearch":true,"wgRelatedArticlesOnlyUseCirrusSearch":false,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCentralNoticeCookiesToDelete":[],"wgCentralNoticeCategoriesUsingLegacy":["Fundraising","fundraising"],"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\\"mode\\":0,\\"hideprefix\\":20,\\"showcount\\":true,\\"namespaces\\":false}","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5296","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgCodeMirrorEnabled":false,"wgVisualEditorToolbarScrollOffset":0,"wgVisualEditorUnsupportedEditParams":["undo","undoafter","veswitched"],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":false});mw.loader.state({"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"ready","user.tokens":"loading","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","skins.vector.styles.experimental.print":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.shared":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint":"ready","mediawiki.sectionAnchor":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.interface":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@1dqfd7l",function ( $, jQuery, require, module ) {\nmw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\\\","patrolToken":"+\\\\","watchToken":"+\\\\","csrfToken":"+\\\\"});/*@nomin*/\n\n});mw.loader.load(["site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","skins.vector.js"]);});</script>\n<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.experimental.print&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>\n<script async="" src="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;skin=vector"></script>\n<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/>\n<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>\n<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>\n<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.31.0-wmf.4"/>\n<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/>\n<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg/1200px-Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg"/>\n<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/>\n<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia picture of the day feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=potd&amp;feedformat=atom"/>\n<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia featured articles feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=featured&amp;feedformat=atom"/>\n<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia &quot;On this day...&quot; feed" href="/w/api.php?action=featuredfeed&amp;feed=onthisday&amp;feedformat=atom"/>\n<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/>\n<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/>\n<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/>\n<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/>\n<link rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/>\n<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"/>\n<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>\n<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=html5shiv&amp;only=scripts&amp;skin=vector&amp;sync=1"></script><![endif]-->\n</head>\n<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Main_Page rootpage-Main_Page vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view">\t\t<div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>\n\t\t<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>\n\t\t<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">\n\t\t\t<a id="top"></a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">\n</div>\n\t\t\t<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Main Page</h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="contentSub"></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">\n\t\t\t\t\tJump to:\t\t\t\t\t<a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, \t\t\t\t\t<a href="#p-search">search</a>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div id="mp-topbanner" style="clear:both; position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; margin:1.2em 0 6px; min-width:47em; border:1px solid #ddd; background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#000; white-space:nowrap;">\n<div style="margin:0.4em; width:22em; text-align:center;">\n<div style="font-size:162%; padding:.1em;">Welcome to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>,</div>\n<div style="font-size:95%;">the <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction" title="Wikipedia:Introduction">anyone can edit</a>.</div>\n<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">5,498,380</a> articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></div>\n</div>\n<ul style="position:absolute; right:-1em; top:50%; margin-top:-2.4em; width:38%; min-width:25em; font-size:95%;">\n<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:0;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" title="Portal:Arts">Arts</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:0; top:3.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:0;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:33%; top:3.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:0;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li>\n<li style="position:absolute; left:66%; top:3.2em;"><strong><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents/Portals" title="Portal:Contents/Portals">All portals</a></strong></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<table role="presentation" id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin-top:4px; border-spacing: 0px;">\n<tr>\n<td id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; padding:0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;">\n<h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span id="From_today\'s_featured_article"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="From_today.27s_featured_article">From today\'s featured article</span></h2>\n<div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em;">\n<div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nancy_Cartwright_(12306390453).jpg" class="image" title="Nancy Cartwright at the 41st Annual Annie Awards"><img alt="Nancy Cartwright at the 41st Annual Annie Awards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg/100px-Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg" width="100" height="150" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg/150px-Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg/200px-Nancy_Cartwright_%2812306390453%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a></div>\n<p><b><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Nancy Cartwright</a></b> (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and comedian. On the animated television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>, she is the <a href="/wiki/Voice_actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice actress">voice</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Muntz" title="Nelson Muntz">Nelson Muntz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Wiggum" title="Ralph Wiggum">Ralph Wiggum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_The_Simpsons_characters#Todd_Flanders" title="List of recurring The Simpsons characters">Todd Flanders</a>. Her first professional role was voicing Gloria in the animated series <i><a href="/wiki/Richie_Rich_(1980_TV_series)" title="Richie Rich (1980 TV series)">Richie Rich</a></i>, followed by a starring role in the television movie <i><a href="/wiki/Marian_Rose_White" title="Marian Rose White">Marian Rose White</a></i> (1982). In 1987, intending to audition for the role of <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa Simpson</a> in a <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_shorts" title="The Simpsons shorts">series of animated shorts</a>, she found Bart more interesting, and was offered the role on the spot by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a>, the series\' creator. She held the role for three seasons on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tracey_Ullman_Show" title="The Tracey Ullman Show">The Tracey Ullman Show</a></i>, and has voiced Bart for 29 seasons on <i>The Simpsons</i>, winning an <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Voice-Over_Performance" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance">Emmy</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Annie_Award" title="Annie Award">Annie Award</a> for her work. Cartwright has also voiced Daffney Gillfin in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snorks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Snorks">The Snorks</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kim_Possible_characters#Rufus" title="List of Kim Possible characters">Rufus</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Kim_Possible" title="Kim Possible">Kim Possible</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Buttons_and_Mindy" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttons and Mindy">Mindy</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Animaniacs" title="Animaniacs">Animaniacs</a></i>, Margo Sherman in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Critic" title="The Critic">The Critic</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rugrats_characters#Chuckie_Finster" title="List of Rugrats characters">Chuckie</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Rugrats" title="Rugrats">Rugrats</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/All_Grown_Up!" title="All Grown Up!">All Grown Up!</a></i> She has adapted her autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Life_as_a_10-Year-Old_Boy" title="My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy">My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy</a></i> (2000), into a <a href="/wiki/One-person_show" title="One-person show">one-woman play</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright"><b>Full&#160;article...</b></a>)</p>\n<div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;">Recently featured:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Astraeus_hygrometricus" title="Astraeus hygrometricus">Astraeus hygrometricus</a></i></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Blackbeard" title="Blackbeard">Blackbeard</a></li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Amargasaurus" title="Amargasaurus">Amargasaurus</a></i></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class="tfa-footer hlist noprint" style="text-align: right;">\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/October_2017" title="Wikipedia:Today\'s featured article/October 2017">Archive</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em; background:#cef2e0; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Did_you_know...">Did you know...</span></h2>\n<div id="mp-dyk" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em 0.5em;">\n<div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;">\n<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg" class="image" title="S. viticola galls"><img alt="S. viticola galls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg/120px-Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg" width="120" height="90" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg/180px-Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg/240px-Schizomyia_viticola_galls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a>\n<div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><i>S. viticola</i> galls</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>... that although the <a href="/wiki/Gall_midge" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall midge">gall midge</a> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Schizomyia_viticola" title="Schizomyia viticola">Schizomyia viticola</a></b></i> can produce up to 135 <a href="/wiki/Gall" title="Gall">galls</a> <i>(pictured)</i> on a single grape vine leaf, the plant is not harmed?</li>\n<li>... that the hymn "<b><a href="/wiki/Den_Herren_will_ich_loben" title="Den Herren will ich loben">Den Herren will ich loben</a></b>", which <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luise_Thurmair" title="Maria Luise Thurmair">Maria Luise Thurmair</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a> to <a href="/wiki/Valet_will_ich_dir_geben" title="Valet will ich dir geben">a popular 1613 melody</a>, was arranged with trumpets and timpani for a papal visit in Munich\'s Frauenkirche?</li>\n<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Hatch" title="Ashley Hatch">Ashley Hatch</a></b> was named <a href="/wiki/NWSL_awards#Rookie_of_the_Year" title="NWSL awards">2017 NWSL Rookie of the Year</a> and helped the <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Courage" title="North Carolina Courage">North Carolina Courage</a> win the <a href="/wiki/NWSL_Shield" title="NWSL Shield">2017 NWSL Shield</a>, scoring seven goals in 24 games?</li>\n<li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/Mackinlay%27s_cuckoo-dove" title="Mackinlay\'s cuckoo-dove">Mackinlay\'s cuckoo-dove</a></b> can be distinguished from the <b><a href="/wiki/Bar-tailed_cuckoo-dove" title="Bar-tailed cuckoo-dove">bar-tailed cuckoo-dove</a></b> by the dark spotting on the breast of the former caused by bifurcating feathers?</li>\n<li>... that Latvian-born <b><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Bach" title="Lazar Bach">Lazar Bach</a></b> became chair of the Communist Party of South Africa, but died in a <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>?</li>\n<li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/The_Ridiculously_Self-Indulgent,_Ill-Advised_Vanity_Tour" title="The Ridiculously Self-Indulgent, Ill-Advised Vanity Tour">new tour</a></b> by <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title="&quot;Weird Al&quot; Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a> will have a focus on Yankovic\'s original songs, as opposed to his staple <a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">parody songs</a>?</li>\n<li>... that researchers found that sending <b><a href="/wiki/Birthday_card" title="Birthday card">birthday cards</a></b> to 21-year-olds did not help reduce <a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">harmful birthday drinking</a>?</li>\n<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hutty" title="Abbie Hutty">Abbie Hutty</a></b> hopes there really <i>is</i> <a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">life on Mars</a>?</li>\n</ul>\n<div class="dyk-footer hlist noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;">\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Recent additions</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Your_first_article" title="Wikipedia:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<p><br /></p>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style="border:1px solid transparent;"></td>\n<td id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; padding:0; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;">\n<h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="In_the_news">In the news</span></h2>\n<div id="mp-itn" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em;">\n<div role="figure" class="itn-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;">\n<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 100px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG" class="image" title="Andrej Babi\xc5\xa1 in 2015"><img alt="Andrej Babi\xc5\xa1 in 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG/100px-Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG" width="100" height="138" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG/150px-Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG/200px-Babi%C5%A1_A_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1879" data-file-height="2596" /></a>\n<div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Andrej Babi\xc5\xa1</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>The <a href="/wiki/ANO_2011" title="ANO 2011">ANO</a> party, led by <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1" title="Andrej Babi\xc5\xa1">Andrej Babi\xc5\xa1</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, wins the most seats in the <b><a href="/wiki/Czech_legislative_election,_2017" title="Czech legislative election, 2017">Czech legislative election</a></b>.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a></b> is set to become <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> after forming a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>\xe2\x80\x93<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">NZ First</a> coalition government.</li>\n<li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_in_the_Bardo" title="Lincoln in the Bardo">Lincoln in the Bardo</a></b></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Saunders" title="George Saunders">George Saunders</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Man Booker Prize</a>.</li>\n<li>The Philippines declares victory over <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> in the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi" title="Battle of Marawi">Battle of Marawi</a></b>.</li>\n<li>The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> declare victory in the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></b>.</li>\n<li>The <b><a href="/wiki/GW170817" title="GW170817">first observation</a></b> of a <a href="/wiki/Neutron_star" title="Neutron star">neutron star</a> merger in <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">gravitational waves</a> \xe2\x80\x93 as well as gamma rays, visible light, and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a> \xe2\x80\x93 is announced.</li>\n</ul>\n<div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;">\n<div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Other recent events</a></b></div>\n<div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2017" title="Deaths in 2017">Recent deaths</a></b>:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Guillaume" title="Robert Guillaume">Robert Guillaume</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/George_Young_(rock_musician)" title="George Young (rock musician)">George Young</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Kowalski" title="Stan Kowalski">Stan Kowalski</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Gord_Downie" title="Gord Downie">Gord Downie</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<h2 id="mp-otd-h2" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em; background:#cedff2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="On_this_day...">On this day...</span></h2>\n<div id="mp-otd" style="padding:0.1em 0.6em 0.5em;">\n<p><b><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a></b></p>\n<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img">\n<div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 100px;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg" class="image" title="George III"><img alt="George III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg/100px-George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg" width="100" height="145" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg/150px-George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg/200px-George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom-e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1393" /></a>\n<div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">George III</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href="/wiki/1147" title="1147">1147</a> \xe2\x80\x93 <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>: Forces under <a href="/wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal" title="Afonso I of Portugal"><span class="nowrap">Afonso I</span> of Portugal</a> captured Lisbon from the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> after a <b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lisbon" title="Siege of Lisbon">four-month siege</a></b> in one of the few Christian victories during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a>.</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/1760" title="1760">1760</a> \xe2\x80\x93 <b><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> became King of Great Britain and Ireland.</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> \xe2\x80\x93 A <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">propeller</a> shaft on the Italian cruise liner <b><a href="/wiki/SS_Principessa_Mafalda" title="SS Principessa Mafalda">SS&#160;<i>Principessa Mafalda</i></a></b> broke and fractured the hull, sinking it and resulting in 314 deaths.</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> \xe2\x80\x93 <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>: The Chinese <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People\'s Volunteer Army">People\'s Volunteer Army</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Onjong" title="Battle of Onjong">ambushed</a></b> the South Korean <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(South_Korea)" title="II Corps (South Korea)"><span class="nowrap">II Corps</span></a>, marking China\'s entry into the war.</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> \xe2\x80\x93 <a href="/wiki/Mount_Merapi" title="Mount Merapi">Mount Merapi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, Indonesia, began <b><a href="/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Mount_Merapi" title="2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi">an increasingly violent series of eruptions</a></b> that lasted over a month.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><b><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus the Good</a></b> (d.&#160;1047)&#160;<b>\xc2\xb7</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Babington Macaulay</a></b> (b.&#160;1800)&#160;<b>\xc2\xb7</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Nancy Cartwright</a></b> (b.&#160;1957)</p>\n<div style="margin-top: 0.5em;">More anniversaries:\n<div class="hlist inline nowraplinks">\n<ul>\n<li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a></b></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class="otd-footer hlist noprint" style="text-align: right;">\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/October" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October">Archive</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/daily-article-l" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_anniversaries" title="List of historical anniversaries">List of historical anniversaries</a></b></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG" style="margin-top:4px; border:1px solid #ddcef2; background:#faf5ff; overflow:auto;">\n<div id="mp-bottom">\n<h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" style="margin:0.5em; background:#ddcef2; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #afa3bf; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em"><span id="Today\'s_featured_picture"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Today.27s_featured_picture">Today\'s featured picture</span></h2>\n<div id="mp-tfp" style="margin:0.1em 0.4em 0.6em;">\n<table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; text-align:center; background-color:transparent; border-collapse: collapse; padding:0.9em">\n<tr>\n<td><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg" class="image" title="Manhattan"><img alt="Manhattan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/700px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg" width="700" height="280" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/1050px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/1400px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9250" data-file-height="3700" /></a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="padding:0 0.9em 0.9em 0.9em;">\n<p>A panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> as seen at dusk from <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>, New Jersey, in November 2014. <b><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></b> is the most densely populated <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It is the city\'s economic and administrative center, and a major global cultural, financial, <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Show_business" title="Show business">entertainment</a> center.</p>\n<p><small>Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:King_of_Hearts" title="User:King of Hearts">Tony Jin</a></small></p>\n<div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;">Recently featured:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2017-10-24" title="Template:POTD/2017-10-24">Jane Seymour</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2017-10-23" title="Template:POTD/2017-10-23">Keble College, Oxford</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2017-10-22" title="Template:POTD/2017-10-22"><i>Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem)</i></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class="potd-footer hlist noprint" style="text-align:right;">\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/October_2017" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/October 2017">Archive</a></b></li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures</a></b></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div id="mp-other" style="padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:2px;">\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_areas_of_Wikipedia">Other areas of Wikipedia</span></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 Ask questions about using Wikipedia.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Local_Embassy" title="Wikipedia:Local Embassy">Local embassy</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 For Wikipedia-related communication in languages other than English.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation.</li>\n<li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> \xe2\x80\x93 For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies.</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div id="mp-sister">\n<h2><span id="Wikipedia\'s_sister_projects"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia.27s_sister_projects">Wikipedia\'s sister projects</span></h2>\n<p>Wikipedia is hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Our_projects" class="extiw" title="wmf:Our projects">projects</a>:</p>\n<table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left; background:transparent;">\n<tr>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="31" height="42" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td>\n<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/">Commons</a></b><br />\nFree media repository</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/35px-Mediawiki-logo.png" width="35" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/53px-Mediawiki-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mediawiki-logo.png/70px-Mediawiki-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="102" /></a></td>\n<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//mediawiki.org/">MediaWiki</a></b><br />\nWiki software development</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/35px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/53px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/70px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></td>\n<td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//meta.wikimedia.org/">Meta-Wiki</a></b><br />\nWikimedia project coordination</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikibooks.org/">Wikibooks</a></b><br />\nFree textbooks and manuals</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:3px;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" width="47" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//www.wikidata.org/">Wikidata</a></b><br />\nFree knowledge base</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width="51" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikinews.org/">Wikinews</a></b><br />\nFree-content news</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="35" height="41" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikiquote.org/">Wikiquote</a></b><br />\nCollection of quotations</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="35" height="37" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikisource.org/">Wikisource</a></b><br />\nFree-content library</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" width="35" height="41" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//species.wikimedia.org/">Wikispecies</a></b><br />\nDirectory of species</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" width="41" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikiversity.org/">Wikiversity</a></b><br />\nFree learning materials and activities</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wikivoyage.org/">Wikivoyage</a></b><br />\nFree travel guide</td>\n<td style="min-width: 50px; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" width="35" height="35" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a></td>\n<td style="padding:4px;"><b><a class="external text" href="//en.wiktionary.org/">Wiktionary</a></b><br />\nDictionary and thesaurus</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n</div>\n<div id="mp-lang">\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikipedia_languages">Wikipedia languages</span></h2>\n<div id="lang" class="nowraplinks nourlexpansion plainlinks">\n<p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Started in 2001<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span>, it currently contains <a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">5,498,380</a> articles.  Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.</p>\n<ul>\n<li id="lang-3">More than 1,000,000 articles:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Espa\xc3\xb1ol</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Fran\xc3\xa7ais</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it" xml:lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">\xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb9</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">Ti\xe1\xba\xbfng Vi\xe1\xbb\x87t</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</li>\n<li id="lang-2">More than 250,000 articles:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">\xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd8\xb9\xd8\xb1\xd8\xa8\xd9\x8a\xd8\xa9</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id" xml:lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">Catal\xc3\xa0</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">\xc4\x8ce\xc5\xa1tina</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu" xml:lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">\xd9\x81\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3\xdb\x8c</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">\xed\x95\x9c\xea\xb5\xad\xec\x96\xb4</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no" xml:lang="no">Norsk</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">Portugu\xc3\xaas</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">Rom\xc3\xa2n\xc4\x83</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh" xml:lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">T\xc3\xbcrk\xc3\xa7e</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">\xd0\xa3\xd0\xba\xd1\x80\xd0\xb0\xd1\x97\xd0\xbd\xd1\x81\xd1\x8c\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</li>\n<li id="lang-1">More than 50,000 articles:\n<div class="hlist inline">\n<ul>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs" xml:lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">\xd0\x91\xd1\x8a\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb3\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da" xml:lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et" xml:lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el" xml:lang="el">\xce\x95\xce\xbb\xce\xbb\xce\xb7\xce\xbd\xce\xb9\xce\xba\xce\xac</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="simple" xml:lang="simple">English (simple form)</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl" xml:lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he" xml:lang="he">\xd7\xa2\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99\xd7\xaa</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv" xml:lang="lv">Latvie\xc5\xa1u</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">Lietuvi\xc5\xb3</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn" xml:lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">Sloven\xc4\x8dina</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">Sloven\xc5\xa1\xc4\x8dina</span></a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th" xml:lang="th">\xe0\xb9\x84\xe0\xb8\x97\xe0\xb8\xa2</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div id="metalink" style="text-align:center;" class="plainlinks"><strong><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">Complete list of Wikipedias</a></strong></div>\n</div>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1220\nCached time: 20171025000009\nCache expiry: 3600\nDynamic content: true\nCPU time usage: 0.228 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.306 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2966/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost\xe2\x80\x90expand include size: 95717/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 3446/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 14/40\nExpensive parser 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class="printfooter">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRetrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=798174323">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=798174323</a>"\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div>\t\t\t\t<div class="visualClear"></div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="mw-navigation">\n\t\t\t<h2>Navigation menu</h2>\n\n\t\t\t<div id="mw-head">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" 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aria-labelledby=\'p-lang-label\'>\n\t\t\t<h3 id=\'p-lang-label\'>Languages</h3>\n\n\t\t\t<div class="body">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd8\xa7\xd9\x84\xd8\xb9\xd8\xb1\xd8\xa8\xd9\x8a\xd8\xa9</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd0\x91\xd1\x8a\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb3\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Catal\xc3\xa0</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xc4\x8ce\xc5\xa1tina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xce\x95\xce\xbb\xce\xbb\xce\xb7\xce\xbd\xce\xb9\xce\xba\xce\xac</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Espa\xc3\xb1ol</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd9\x81\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb1\xd8\xb3\xdb\x8c</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fran\xc3\xa7ais</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xed\x95\x9c\xea\xb5\xad\xec\x96\xb4</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd7\xa2\xd7\x91\xd7\xa8\xd7\x99\xd7\xaa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xe1\x83\xa5\xe1\x83\x90\xe1\x83\xa0\xe1\x83\x97\xe1\x83\xa3\xe1\x83\x9a\xe1\x83\x98</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latvie\xc5\xa1u</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvi\xc5\xb3</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Portugu\xc3\xaas</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rom\xc3\xa2n\xc4\x83</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd0\xa0\xd1\x83\xd1\x81\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8\xd0\xb9</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sloven\xc4\x8dina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sloven\xc5\xa1\xc4\x8dina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd0\xa1\xd1\x80\xd0\xbf\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8 / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / \xd1\x81\xd1\x80\xd0\xbf\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xbe\xd1\x85\xd1\x80\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd1\x82\xd1\x81\xd0\xba\xd0\xb8</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xe0\xb9\x84\xe0\xb8\x97\xe0\xb8\xa2</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">T\xc3\xbcrk\xc3\xa7e</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xd0\xa3\xd0\xba\xd1\x80\xd0\xb0\xd1\x97\xd0\xbd\xd1\x81\xd1\x8c\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ti\xe1\xba\xbfng Vi\xe1\xbb\x87t</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87</a></li>\t\t\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul id="footer-info">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 August 2017, at 11:44.</li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;\nadditional terms may apply.  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In [89]:
res_1 = re.search(b'<li><a href=\"(\/wiki\/[^\"]*)\"[^>]*>([^<]*)<\/a><\/li>',p_1)
output_1= res_1.group(1).decode('UTF-8')
output_2 = res_1.group(2).decode('UTF-8')
print(output_1,output_2)
/wiki/Blackbeard Blackbeard
In [90]:
p_2 = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor).open(url_2).read()
print(p_2)
b'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html class="no-js">\n    <head>\n        <!-- Meta -->\n        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">\n        <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /><title>National Weather Service</title><meta name="DC.title" content="National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.description" content="NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.creator" content="US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="" /><meta name="DC.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US" /><meta name="DC.keywords" content="weather, National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.publisher" content="NOAA\'s National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.contributor" content="National Weather Service" /><meta name="DC.rights" content="http://www.weather.gov/disclaimer.php" /><meta name="rating" content="General" /><meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />\n\n        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type="text/javascript" src="js/federated-analytics.js"></script>\n        <script type="text/javascript">\n            (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {\n                i[\'GoogleAnalyticsObject\'] = r;\n                i[r] = i[r] || function () {\n                    (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments)\n                }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date();\n                a = s.createElement(o),\n                        m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];\n                a.async = 1;\n                a.src = g;\n                m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m)\n            })(window, document, \'script\', \'//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js\', \'ga\');\n\n            ga(\'create\', \'UA-40768555-1\', \'weather.gov\');\n            ga(\'set\', \'anonymizeIp\', true);\n            ga(\'require\', \'linkid\');\n            ga(\'send\', \'pageview\');\n        </script>\n\n    </head>\n    <body>\n        <!-- DIV FOR CFI GROUP SURVEY::ALSO REQUIRES SCRIPT TAG IN HEADER -->\n        <div id=\'ZN_9tslIS2mj3KoPgp\'><!--DO NOT REMOVE-CONTENTS PLACED HERE--></div>\n\n        <style>\n            /* STYLE FOR DUAL ICON PREVIEW */\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBanner {\n                padding: 0 3rem 2rem 3rem;\n                background: #fff;\n                color: #555;\n                margin-bottom: -.5rem;\n                text-align: center;\n                font-size: 1.2rem;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaser {\n                display: inline-block;\n                cursor: pointer;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserIcon {\n                float: left;\n                width: 6.2rem;\n                top:-3px;\n                position: relative;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserTitle {\n                padding: 6px 0 0 0;\n                font-weight: bold;\n                font-size: 1.6rem;\n                line-height: 1.6rem;\n                margin-left: 7.2rem;\n                text-align: left;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserSubtitle {\n                margin-left: 7.2rem;\n                font-size: 1.2rem;\n                line-height: 1.2rem;\n                text-align: left;\n                padding-top:.5rem;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBannerDetails {\n                display: none;\n                clear: both;\n                text-align: left;\n                padding: 1rem 0;\n                max-width: 750px;\n                margin: 0 auto;\n            }\n            .applicationnotificationContainerBanner a {\n                text-decoration: underline;\n                padding-top:.3rem;\n                display: block;\n            }\n            main.container {\n                margin-top: -10px !important;\n            }\n            @media screen and (max-width:480px){\n                .applicationnotificationContainerBanner{\n                    padding:0 .8em 1em .8em;\n                }\n            }\n        </style>\n        <div class="applicationnotificationContainerBanner">\n            <div id="applicationnotificationContainerButton-showDetails" class="applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaser">\n                <img src="images/applicationnotification.png" class="applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserIcon">\n                <div class="applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserTitle">Notice of NWS\' New Version of Forecast</div>\n                <div class="applicationnotificationContainerBannerTeaserSubtitle">\n                    A new version of Forecast is coming soon!<br>\n                    <a href="https://forecast-v3.weather.gov/documentation?redirect=legacy">Click here to visit the new site for details.</a><br> \n                </div>\n            </div>\n        </div>\n\n\n        <main class="container">\n            \t\t<header class="row clearfix" id="page-header">\r\n\t\t\t<a href="http://www.noaa.gov" id="header-noaa" class="pull-left"><img src="/css/images/header_noaa.png" alt="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"/></a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href="http://www.weather.gov" id="header-nws" class="pull-left"><img src="/css/images/header_nws.png" alt="National Weather Service"/></a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href="http://www.commerce.gov" id="header-doc" class="pull-right"><img src="/css/images/header_doc.png" alt="United States Department of Commerce"/></a>\r\n\t\t</header>\r\n\t\t\n                    <nav class="navbar navbar-default row" role="navigation">\r\n            <div class="container-fluid">\r\n                <div class="navbar-header">\r\n                    <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#top-nav">\r\n                        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>\r\n                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>\r\n                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>\r\n                        <span class="icon-bar"></span>\r\n                    </button>\r\n                </div>\r\n                <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="top-nav">\r\n                    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">\r\n                        <li><a href="http://www.weather.gov">HOME</a></li>\r\n                        <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/forecastmaps" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">FORECAST&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov">Local</a></li><li><a href="http://digital.weather.gov">Graphical</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aviationweather.gov/">Aviation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm">Marine</a></li><li><a href="http://water.weather.gov/ahps/">Rivers and Lakes</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/">Hurricanes</a></li><li><a href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov/">Severe Weather</a></li><li><a href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ridge2/fire/">Fire Weather</a></li><li><a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.php">Sun/Moon</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/">Long Range Forecasts</a></li><li><a href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov">Climate Prediction</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">PAST WEATHER&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/">Past Weather</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/">Heating/Cooling Days</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/">Monthly Temperatures</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/">Records</a></li><li><a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/">Astronomical Data</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li 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Currents</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/marine/safeboating/">Safe Boating</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/thunderstorm/">Thunderstorms</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/space">Space Weather</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/uv.shtml">Sun (Ultraviolet Radiation)</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/safetycampaign">Safety Campaigns</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/wind">Wind</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/om/drought/">Drought</a></li><li><a href="http://weather.gov/winter">Winter Weather</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/informationcenter" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">INFORMATION&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/Owlie\'s">Owlie\'s Kids Page</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/wrn/wea">Wireless Emergency Alerts</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures.shtml">Brochures</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/wrn/">Weather-Ready Nation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/coop/">Cooperative Observers</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/briefing/">Daily Briefing</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml">Damage/Fatality/Injury Statistics</a></li><li><a href="http://mag.ncep.noaa.gov/">Forecast Models</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/gis">GIS Data Portal</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/">NOAA Weather Radio</a></li><li><a href="http://weather.gov/publications">Publications</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/skywarn/">SKYWARN Storm Spotters</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/stormready/">StormReady</a></li><li><a href="http://www.tsunamiready.noaa.gov">TsunamiReady</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/owlie" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">EDUCATION&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="https://www.weather.gov/wrn/force">Be A Force of Nature</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/owlie">NWS Education Home</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/contact-media/" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">NEWS&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/news">NWS News</a></li><li><a href="https://www.weather.gov/wrn/calendar">Events</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/socialmedia">Social Media</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures.shtml">Pubs/Brochures/Booklets </a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/pa/nws_contacts.php">NWS Media Contacts</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/search" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">SEARCH&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">                                <li><!-- Begin search code -->\r\n                                    <div id="site-search">\r\n                                        <form method="get" action="http://search.usa.gov/search" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">\r\n                                            <input type="hidden" name="v:project" value="firstgov" /> \r\n                                            <label for="query">Search For</label> \r\n                                            <input type="text" name="query" id="query" size="12" /> \r\n                                            <input type="submit" value="Go" />\r\n                                            <p>\r\n                                                <input type="radio" name="affiliate" checked="checked" value="nws.noaa.gov" id="nws" /> \r\n                                                <label for="nws" class="search-scope">NWS</label> \r\n                                                <input type="radio" name="affiliate" value="noaa.gov" id="noaa" /> \r\n                                                <label for="noaa" class="search-scope">All NOAA</label>\r\n                                            </p>\r\n                                        </form>\r\n                                    </div>\r\n                                </li>\r\n                                </ul>                            </li>\r\n                            <li class="dropdown"><a href="http://www.weather.gov/about" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">ABOUT&nbsp;<span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/about">About NWS</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/organization">Organization</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/sp">Strategic Plan</a></li><li><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/noaa.gov/nws-insider/">For NWS Employees</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/international/">International</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/organization">National Centers</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/tg">Products and Services</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/careers/">Careers</a></li><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/contact">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nws.noaa.gov/glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul>                            </li>\r\n                                                </ul>\r\n                </div>\r\n            </div>\r\n        </nav>\r\n        \n\t    <div class="contentArea">\n\t\t\t<!-- Start Forecastsearch -->\n\t<div class="" id="fcst-search">\n\t    <form name="getForecast" id="getForecast" class="form-inline" role="form" action="http://forecast.weather.gov/zipcity.php" method="get">\n\t\t<div id="getfcst-body">\n\t\t    <input name="inputstring" type="text" class="form-control" id="inputstring" placeholder="" />\n\t\t    <input name="btnSearch" id="btnSearch" class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Go" />\n\t\t    <div id="txtHelp"><a href="javascript:void(window.open(\'http://weather.gov/ForecastSearchHelp.html\',\'locsearchhelp\',\'status=0,toolbar=0,location=0,menubar=0,directories=0,resizable=1,scrollbars=1,height=500,width=530\').focus());">View Location Examples</a></div>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="txtError">\n\t\t    <div id="errorNoResults" style="display:none;">Sorry, the location you searched for was not found. Please try another search.</div>\n\t\t    <div id="errorMultipleResults" style="display:none">Multiple locations were found. Please select one of the following:</div>\n\t\t    <div id="errorChoices" style="display:none"></div>\n\t\t    <input id="btnCloseError" type="button" value="Close" style="display:none" />\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="getfcst-head">\n\t\t    <p>Your local forecast office is</p>\n\t\t    <h3 id="getfcst-headOffice"></h3>\n\t\t</div>\n\t    </form>\n\t</div>\n\t<!-- end Forecastsearch -->\n        \n\t\t<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/topnews.css">\n<div id="news-items">\n    <div id="topnews">\n    <div class="icon"><img src="/images/news-important.jpg"></div>\n    <div class="body">\n        <h1 style="font-size: 11pt;">Fire Weather Threats Continue</h1>\n        <p>\n            Critical fire weather threats, strong offshore winds, and hot temperatures will continue through Wednesday in Southern California. A change in the pattern will bring some relief to California by Wednesday night. Meanwhile a cold front, and associated low dropping in from the northwest will increase winds and the Fire Weather threats across the northern Great Plains. \n            <a href="http://www.spc.noaa.gov" target="_blank">Read More &gt;</a>\n        </p>\n    </div>\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\t\t<script type="text/javascript">(function ($) { var topnews = $("#topnews"); topnews.hide(); $.get("siteNews.php", {a:"box"},function(response){ if (response !== "false") topnews.replaceWith($(response)); topnews.show(); }); })(jQuery);</script><!-- PageFormat-Land -->\n<script language=javascript>document.title = $(\'<div/>\').html(\'7-Day Forecast for Latitude 42.37&deg;N and Longitude 71.1&deg;W (Elev. 10 ft)\').text();</script><img src="images/track_land_point.png" style="display:none;" /><div class="panel panel-danger"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title">Hazardous Weather Conditions</h3></div><div class="panel-body"><ul><li><a id="hazard-MAZ014-Wind+Advisory-0" href="showsigwx.php?warnzone=MAZ014&warncounty=MAC017&firewxzone=MAZ014&local_place1=Cambridge MA&product1=Wind+Advisory&lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034" class="anchor-hazards">Wind Advisory  until October 25, 08:00 AM EDT</a></li><li><a id="hazard-MAZ014-Hazardous+Weather+Outlook-1" href="showsigwx.php?warnzone=MAZ014&warncounty=MAC017&firewxzone=MAZ014&local_place1=Cambridge MA&product1=Hazardous+Weather+Outlook&lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034" class="anchor-hazards">Hazardous Weather Outlook </a></li><li><a id="hazard-MAZ014-Flash+Flood+Watch-2" href="showsigwx.php?warnzone=MAZ014&warncounty=MAC017&firewxzone=MAZ014&local_place1=Cambridge MA&product1=Flash+Flood+Watch&lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034" class="anchor-hazards">Flash Flood Watch in effect from October 25,  02:00 AM EDT until October 25, 06:00 PM EDT</a></li></ul></div></div>\n<div id="quickLinks">\n\t<span class="lang-spanish"><a href="http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=42.36715360000011&lon=-71.10340049999996&lg=sp">En Espa&ntilde;ol</a></span>\n\t<div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis-forecast">\n\t    <a href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&amp;pubid=ra-5127a6364d551d04" class="addthis_button_compact">Share</a>\n\t    <span class="addthis_separator">|</span>\n\t    <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a>\n\t    <a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a>\n\t    <a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a>\n\t    <a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a>\n\t    <a class="addthis_button_preferred_5"></a>\n\t</div>\n\t<script type="text/javascript">\n\t\tvar addthis_config = addthis_config || {data_track_addressbar:true, pubid: \'xa-4b05b2d91f18c9cc\'};\n\t    $(document).ready(function(){\n\t\t\tjQuery.ajax({\n\t\t\t\turl: "//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#async=1",\n\t\t\t\tdataType: "script",\n\t\t\t\tcache: false\n\t\t\t});\n\t    });\n\t</script>\n</div>\n\n<!-- Current Conditions -->\n<div id="current-conditions" class="panel panel-default">\n\n\t<!-- Current Conditions header row -->\n    <div class="panel-heading">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t    <b>Current conditions at</b>\n\t\t    <h2 class="panel-title">Boston, Logan International Airport (KBOS)</h2>\n\t\t    <span class="smallTxt"><b>Lat:&nbsp;</b>42.36&deg;N<b>Lon:&nbsp;</b>71.01&deg;W<b>Elev:&nbsp;</b>20ft.</span>\n\t    </div>\n    </div>\n    <div class="panel-body" id="current-conditions-body">\n\t\t<!-- Graphic and temperatures -->\n\t\t<div id="current_conditions-summary" class="pull-left" >\n\t\t    \t\t    <img src="newimages/large/nra.png" alt="" class="pull-left" />\n\t\t    \t\t    <p class="myforecast-current"> Light Rain and Breezy</p>\n\t\t    <p class="myforecast-current-lrg">70&deg;F</p>\n\t\t    <p class="myforecast-current-sm">21&deg;C</p>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="current_conditions_detail" class="pull-left">\n\t\t    <table>\n            <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Humidity</b></td>\n            <td>90%</td>\n            </tr>\n            <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Wind Speed</b></td>\n            <td>S 22 G 31 mph</td>\n            </tr>\n            <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Barometer</b></td>\n            <td>29.84 in (1010.3 mb)</td>\n            </tr>\n            <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Dewpoint</b></td>\n            <td>67&deg;F (19&deg;C)</td>\n            </tr>\n            <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Visibility</b></td>\n            <td>9.00 mi</td>\n            </tr>\n                        <tr>\n            <td class="text-right"><b>Last update</b></td>\n            <td>\n                24 Oct 10:54 pm EDT            </td>\n            </tr>\n\t\t    </table>\n\t\t</div>\n\t\t<div id="current_conditions_station">\n\t\t    <div class="current-conditions-extra">\n                            <!-- Right hand section -->\n            <p class="moreInfo"><b>More Information:</b></p><p><a id="localWFO" href="http://www.weather.gov/boston" title="Taunton, MA"><span class="hideText">Local</span> Forecast Office</a><a id="moreWx" href="obslocal.php?warnzone=MAZ014&local_place=Cambridge MA&zoneid=EDT&offset=14400">More Local Wx</a><a id="3dayHist" href="http://www.weather.gov/data/obhistory/KBOS.html">3 Day History</a><a id="mobileWxLink" href="http://mobile.weather.gov/index.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&lg=english">Mobile Weather</a><a id="wxGraph" href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&amp;lg=english&amp;FcstType=graphical">Hourly <span class="hideText">Weather </span>Forecast</a></p>\t\t    </div>\n\t\t<!-- /current_conditions_station -->\n\t    </div>\n\t    <!-- /current-conditions-body -->\n\t</div>\n<!-- /Current Conditions -->\n</div>\n\n<!-- 7-Day Forecast -->\n<div id="seven-day-forecast" class="panel panel-default">\n    <div class="panel-heading">\n\t<b>Extended Forecast for</b>\n\t<h2 class="panel-title">\n\t    \t    Cambridge MA\t</h2>\n    </div>\n    <div class="panel-body" id="seven-day-forecast-body">\n\t\t\t<div id="seven-day-forecast-container"><div id="headline-container" class="current-hazard" style="margin-left: 124px"><div id="headline-separator" style="top: 34px; height: 151px"></div><div id="headline-info" style="margin-top: 5px" onclick="$(\'#headline-detail\').toggle(); $(\'#headline-detail-now\').hide()"><div id="headline-detail"><div>Flash Flood Watch October 25, 02:00am until October 25, 06:00pm</div><div>Wind Advisory until October 25, 08:00am</div></div><span class="fa fa-info-circle"></span>Click here for hazard details and duration</div><div class="headline-bar headline-watch " style="top: 40px; left: 102px; height: 145px; width: 146px">\n<div class="headline-title">Flash Flood Watch</div>\n</div><div class="headline-bar headline-advisory " style="top: 60px; left: 19px; height: 125px; width: 126px">\n<div class="headline-title">Wind Advisory</div>\n</div></div><ul id="seven-day-forecast-list" class="list-unstyled" style="padding-top: 80px"><li class="forecast-tombstone current-hazard current-hazard-advisory" onclick="$(\'#headline-detail-now\').toggle(); $(\'#headline-detail\').hide()">\n<div class="top-bar">&nbsp;<div id="headline-detail-now"><div>Wind Advisory until October 25, 08:00am</div></div><span class="tab"></span><span class="fa fa-info-circle"></span></div><div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">NOW until<br>8:00am Wed</p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/nshra.png" alt="" title="" class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Wind Advisory</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Tonight<br><br></p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/nshra100.png" alt="Tonight: Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  Low around 67. South wind 11 to 15 mph, with gusts as high as 32 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 100%. New rainfall amounts between three quarters and one inch possible. " title="Tonight: Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  Low around 67. South wind 11 to 15 mph, with gusts as high as 32 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 100%. New rainfall amounts between three quarters and one inch possible. " class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Heavy Rain</p><p class="temp temp-low">Low: 67 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Wednesday<br><br></p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/shra90.png" alt="Wednesday: Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  High near 68. South wind 7 to 10 mph, with gusts as high as 22 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 90%. New precipitation amounts between 1 and 2 inches possible. " title="Wednesday: Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  High near 68. South wind 7 to 10 mph, with gusts as high as 22 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 90%. New precipitation amounts between 1 and 2 inches possible. " class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Heavy Rain</p><p class="temp temp-high">High: 68 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Wednesday<br>Night</p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/nshra80.png" alt="Wednesday Night: Showers. The rain could be heavy at times.  Patchy fog after 9pm. Low around 53. South wind 3 to 7 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 80%. New precipitation amounts between a half and three quarters of an inch possible. " title="Wednesday Night: Showers. The rain could be heavy at times.  Patchy fog after 9pm. Low around 53. South wind 3 to 7 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 80%. New precipitation amounts between a half and three quarters of an inch possible. " class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Heavy Rain<br>and Patchy<br>Fog</p><p class="temp temp-low">Low: 53 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Thursday<br><br></p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/shra60.png" alt="Thursday: Showers likely, with thunderstorms also possible after 4pm.  Mostly cloudy, with a high near 63. East wind 5 to 7 mph becoming southwest in the morning.  Chance of precipitation is 60%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch, except higher amounts possible in thunderstorms. " title="Thursday: Showers likely, with thunderstorms also possible after 4pm.  Mostly cloudy, with a high near 63. East wind 5 to 7 mph becoming southwest in the morning.  Chance of precipitation is 60%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch, except higher amounts possible in thunderstorms. " class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Showers<br>Likely</p><p class="temp temp-high">High: 63 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Thursday<br>Night</p>\n<p><img src="DualImage.php?i=nshra&j=nsct&ip=40" alt="Thursday Night: A chance of showers and thunderstorms, mainly before 11pm.  Partly cloudy, with a low around 47. West wind 9 to 14 mph, with gusts as high as 24 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 40%." title="Thursday Night: A chance of showers and thunderstorms, mainly before 11pm.  Partly cloudy, with a low around 47. West wind 9 to 14 mph, with gusts as high as 24 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 40%." class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Chance<br>Showers then<br>Partly Cloudy</p><p class="temp temp-low">Low: 47 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Friday<br><br></p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/few.png" alt="Friday: Sunny, with a high near 61." title="Friday: Sunny, with a high near 61." class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Sunny</p><p class="temp temp-high">High: 61 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Friday<br>Night</p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/nfew.png" alt="Friday Night: Mostly clear, with a low around 43." title="Friday Night: Mostly clear, with a low around 43." class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Mostly Clear</p><p class="temp temp-low">Low: 43 &deg;F</p></div></li><li class="forecast-tombstone">\n<div class="tombstone-container">\n<p class="period-name">Saturday<br><br></p>\n<p><img src="newimages/medium/few.png" alt="Saturday: Sunny, with a high near 63." title="Saturday: Sunny, with a high near 63." class="forecast-icon"></p><p class="short-desc">Sunny</p><p class="temp temp-high">High: 63 &deg;F</p></div></li></ul></div>\n<script type="text/javascript">\n// equalize forecast heights\n$(function () {\n\tvar maxh = 0;\n\t$(".forecast-tombstone .short-desc").each(function () {\n\t\tvar h = $(this).height();\n\t\tif (h > maxh) { maxh = h; }\n\t});\n\t$(".forecast-tombstone .short-desc").height(maxh);\n});\n</script>\t</div>\n</div>\n\n<!-- Everything between 7-Day Forecast and Footer goes in this row -->\n<div id="floatingDivs" class="row">\n    <!-- Everything on the left-hand side -->\n    <div class="col-md-7 col-lg-8">\n        <!-- Detailed Forecast -->\n        <div id="detailed-forecast" class="panel panel-default">\n\t    <div class="panel-heading">\n            <h2 class="panel-title">Detailed Forecast</h2>\n        </div>\n\t    <div class="panel-body" id="detailed-forecast-body">\n            <div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Tonight</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  Low around 67. South wind 11 to 15 mph, with gusts as high as 32 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 100%. New rainfall amounts between three quarters and one inch possible. </div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Wednesday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers and possibly a thunderstorm. Some of the storms could produce gusty winds and heavy rain.  High near 68. South wind 7 to 10 mph, with gusts as high as 22 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 90%. New precipitation amounts between 1 and 2 inches possible. </div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Wednesday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers. The rain could be heavy at times.  Patchy fog after 9pm. Low around 53. South wind 3 to 7 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 80%. New precipitation amounts between a half and three quarters of an inch possible. </div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Thursday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers likely, with thunderstorms also possible after 4pm.  Mostly cloudy, with a high near 63. East wind 5 to 7 mph becoming southwest in the morning.  Chance of precipitation is 60%. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch, except higher amounts possible in thunderstorms. </div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Thursday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">A chance of showers and thunderstorms, mainly before 11pm.  Partly cloudy, with a low around 47. West wind 9 to 14 mph, with gusts as high as 24 mph.  Chance of precipitation is 40%.</div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Friday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Sunny, with a high near 61.</div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Friday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Mostly clear, with a low around 43.</div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Saturday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Sunny, with a high near 63.</div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Saturday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Partly cloudy, with a low around 49.</div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Sunday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Partly sunny, with a high near 62.</div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Sunday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers likely.  Cloudy, with a low around 55. Chance of precipitation is 70%.</div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Monday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Showers likely.  Mostly cloudy, with a high near 63. Chance of precipitation is 60%.</div></div><div class="row row-odd row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Monday Night</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Partly cloudy, with a low around 44.</div></div><div class="row row-even row-forecast"><div class="col-sm-2 forecast-label"><b>Tuesday</b></div><div class="col-sm-10 forecast-text">Sunny, with a high near 59.</div></div>        </div>\n\t</div>\n\t<!-- /Detailed Forecast -->\n\n        \n        <!-- Additional Forecasts and Information -->\n        <div id="additional_forecasts" class="panel panel-default">\n\t    <div class="panel-heading">\n\t\t<h2 class="panel-title">Additional Forecasts and Information</h2>\n\t    </div>\n\n\t    <div class="panel-body" id="additional-forecasts-body">\n\t\t<p class="myforecast-location"><a href="MapClick.php?zoneid=MAZ014">Zone Area Forecast for Southeast Middlesex, MA</a></p>\n                <!-- First nine-ten links -->\n\t\t<div id="linkBlockContainer">\n\t\t    <div class="linkBlock">\n                <ul class="list-unstyled">\n                    <li><a href="http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=BOX&issuedby=BOX&product=AFD&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1&highlight=off">Forecast Discussion</a></li>\n                    <li><a href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&lg=english&FcstType=text&TextType=2">Printable Forecast</a></li>\n                    <li><a href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&lg=english&FcstType=text&TextType=1">Text Only Forecast</a></li>\n                </ul>\n            </div>\n\t\t    <div class="linkBlock">\n                <ul class="list-unstyled">\n                    <li><a href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&lg=english&FcstType=graphical">Hourly Weather Forecast</a></li>\n                    <li><a href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&unit=0&lg=english&FcstType=digital">Tabular Forecast</a></li>\n                    <!-- <li><a href="afm/PointClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034">Quick Forecast</a></li> -->\n                </ul>\n            </div>\n\t\t    <div class="linkBlock">\n                <ul class="list-unstyled">\n                    <li><a href="http://weather.gov/aq/probe_aq_data.php?latitude=42.3672&longitude=-71.1034">Air Quality Forecasts</a></li>\n                    <li><a href="MapClick.php?lat=42.3672&lon=-71.1034&FcstType=text&unit=1&lg=en">International System of Units</a></li>\n                    <li><a href="http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/webweather/pinpoint_max.htm">About Point Forecasts</a></li>\n                                    </ul>\n\t\t    </div>\n\t\t    <!-- /First nine-ten links -->\n                <!-- Additional links -->\n                    <div class="linkBlock"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a href="http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=NWS&issuedby=BOX&product=HWO&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1&highlight=off" target="_self">Hazardous Weather</a></li><li><a href="http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=NWS&issuedby=BOX&product=RWS&format=CI&version=1&glossary=1&highlight=off" target="_self">Regional Weather Conditions</a></li></ul></div><div class="linkBlock"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a href="http://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=box" target="_self">Past Weather Information</a></li><li><a href="http://graphical.weather.gov/sectors/box.php" target="_self">Interactive Forecast Map</a></li></ul></div><div class="linkBlock"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a href="http://www.weather.gov/box/" target="_self">Home</a></li></ul></div>\n\t\t</div> <!-- /linkBlockContainer -->\n\t    </div><!-- /additional-forecasts-body-->\n\t</div> <!-- /additional_forecasts -->\n    </div> <!-- /Everything on the left-hand side -->\n\n    <!-- right-side-data -->\n    <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-4" id="right-side-data">\n\t<div id="mapAndDescriptionArea">\n        <!-- openlayer map -->\n            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src="http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/images/thumbnail/latest_MaxMinT_northeast_thumbnail.png" border="0" alt="National Digital Forecast Database Maximum Temperature Forecast" title="National Digital Forecast Database Maximum Temperature Forecast" width="147" height="150"></a>\n\t \t\t\t<p><a href="http://graphical.weather.gov/sectors/northeast.php?element=MaxT">High Temperature</a></p></div><div class="one-sixth-first"><a href="http://graphical.weather.gov/sectors/northeast.php?element=Wx"><img src="http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/images/thumbnail/latest_Wx_northeast_thumbnail.png" border="0" alt="National Digital Forecast Database Weather Element Forecast" title="National Digital Forecast Database Weather Element Forecast" width="147" height="150"></a>\n\t \t\t\t<p><a href="http://graphical.weather.gov/sectors/northeast.php?element=Wx">Chance of Precipitation</a></p></div>                </div>\n                <!-- /NDFD -->\n            </div>\n        </div>\n 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In [91]:
res_2 = re.search(b"<p class=\"myforecast-current-lrg\">(\d+).*</p>",p_2)
res_3 = re.search(b"<td>(\d+%)",p_2)
output_3 = res_2.group(1).decode('UTF-8')
output_4 = res_3.group(1).decode('UTF-8')
print(output_3)
print(output_4)
70
90%
In [92]:
print("%s | %s | %s | %s | %s"%(worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[0],worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[1],worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[2],worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[3],worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[4]))
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
In [93]:
if ((worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[1]) != output_1
    or (worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[2]) != output_2 
    or (worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[3]) != output_3
    or (worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count)[4]) != output_4 ):    
    try:
        status = api.PostUpdate('It\'s %s °F in Cambridge, MA and the humidity is %s, and here\'s a Wikipedia article on %s: http://www.wikipedia.org%s'%(output_3,output_4,output_2,output_1))
        print(status.text)
    except TwitterError:
        status = api.PostUpdate('It is %s °F in Cambridge, MA and the humidity is %s, and today\'s Wikipedia article is about %s: http://www.wikipedia.org%s'%(output_3,output_4,output_2,output_1))
        print(status.text)
        
    worksheet.append_row([now, output_1,output_2,output_3,output_4])
It is 70 °F in Cambridge, MA and the humidity is 90%, and today's Wikipedia article is about Blackbeard: https://t.co/UaTxCBbHQN
In [94]:
print(worksheet.row_values(worksheet.row_count))
['2017-10-24 23:30:54', '/wiki/Blackbeard', 'Blackbeard', '70', '90%']
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